D 103 
.W16 
Copy 1 



Handbook of 
European History 



375 - 1900 




WALMSLEY 
1911 



A HANDBOOK 

OF 

EUROPEAN HISTORY 

FROM THE FALL OF 

ROME TO THE CLOSE 

OF THE NINETEENTH 

CENTURY. 

BY 

JAMES ELLIOTT WALMSLEY, Ph. D. 

PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN 
MILLSAPS COLLEGE. 



JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI. 
1911. 

Tucker Printing House, Jackson, Mississippi 



y 






Preface. 

This Handbook has been prepared neither as a text-book, nor 
as a note-book, but as a necessary outline of the work covered in the 
Freshman year in European History. Each section represents a 
lecture unless marked as a recitation. A part of the time of any 
lecture may be given to a quiz on required work or on a previous 
lecture. The references for optional readings are to books easily 
found in any ordinary library. The following abbreviations are used 
for the required books, of which each member of the class is expected 
to have his own copy except "A," which may be owned by three or 
four students in common: 

A. Adams, Civilization During the Middle Ages. 

E. Emerton, Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages. 

R. Robinson, History of Western Europe. 

S. Seebohm's, Era of the Protestant Revolution (Scribner's 
Edition). 

Sch. Schwill, Political History of Modem Europe. 

As parallel reading either Charles Reade's The Cloister and the 
Hearth, or George Elliot's Romola is required in the first term, and 
Charles Kingsley's Westward Ho! in the second term. A special 
examination is given in each term on this parallel reading. 






HAND-BOOK 
OF EUROPEAN HISTORY. 

§ 1. Introduction. 

a. Aims and methods of the course. 

b. Continuity of history. 

c. Periods of history. 

d. European Geography. 

e. Nations of Europe. 

* E., pp. xi-xviii, 1-4; *R., pp. 1-7; A., chap, i; Thatcher and Schwi I, 
Europe in the Middle Ages, pp. 1-8. 

§ 2. The Romans. 

a. Geographical Extent of the Empire. 

b. Character of Roman government. 

c. Roman citizens and slaves. 

d. Causes of Roman decay. 

*E., pp. 4-10; * R. chap, ii; Thatcher and Schvvill, Europe in the 
Middle Age, pp. 8-11; A., pp. 20-37, 78-87; Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, 
pp. 5-13, 91-92; Fiske, Beginnings of New England, pp. 8-22; Gibbon, 
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chap, i; Hodgkin, Italy and Her 
Invaders, Vol. II, chap. ix. 

§ 3. Recitation. 

Written recitations on §§1, 2, including one of the optiona 
readings of §2. Draw and hand in a map of the Roman Empire at 
its greatest extent, locating Chalons, Milan, Ravenna, Rome. Car- 
thage, Constantinople, Nicaea, Antioch, Alexandria, the Nile, Volga, 
Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Tiber, Po. Put nothing else on the map. 

§ 4. The Barbarians. 

a. Race characteristics. 

b. Military organizations (comitatus). 

c. Morals and family life. 

d. R'ligion and mythology. 



* The asterisk indicates required work on which questions may 
be asked at any time. 



* E., chap, ii; Tacitus, Ger mania; Caesar, Gallic War, vi, 21-24; 
Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 15-22; A., chap, v; 
Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. I, chap, ix; Hodgkin, 
Italy and Her Invaders, 11,233-263; 111,257-318; Stubbs, Constitutional 
History of England, chap. ii. 

§ 5. The Wanderings of the Nations. 

a. Causes — remote and immediate. 

b. Routes (R. map opposite page 26). 

c. Location. 

* E., chaps, iii, iv, and v; * R., chap, ill ; Hodgkin, Italy and 
Her Invaders, passim; Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire; 
chaps, xxvi. xxix, xxxvi; A., chap, v; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe 
in the Middle Age, chaps, ii, iii; Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civil- 
ization, pp' 3-17, 87-113; Masterman, Dawn of Mediaeval Europe, 
chaps, iii, iv, v. 

§ 6. Results of the Teutonic Migrations. 

a. Elements contributed by Teutons to mediaeval and modern 

civilization. 

b. Political effects on Roman Empire. 

c. Effects of Rome on Teutons. 

Same references as in § 5. 

$ 7. Recitation. 

Written recitation on §§4, 5, 6, including one of the optional 
readings of § 5. 

§ 8. Teutonic Law. 

a. General contrast with modern legal ideas. 

b. Compurgation. 

c. Ordeal. 

d. Wager of Battle. 

e. Wergeld. 
/. Feuds. 

* E. chap, viii.; * R., pp. 40-41; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe 
in the Middle Age, pp. 52-55; Masterman, Dawn of Mediaeval Europe 
pp. 48-49. 

§ 9. Beginnings of the Christian Church. 

a. Early belief and organization. 
Relation to the Roman Empire. 



c. Early heresies. 

d. Rise of the Papacy. 

e. Gregory the Great. 

* E., chap, ix; * R., chap, iv; A., chap, iii; Matt. 16 : 16-20; Acts 6; 
1-6; I Tim. 3; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chap, xxxvii; Alzog, 
Universal Church History, I, 3S9-H4, Hodgkin, Italy and Her In- 
vaders, V, 287-332; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age 
chap. xii. 

§ 10. Monasticism. 

a. St. Benedict. 

b. Economic influence of monasteries. 

c. Evils and benefits of monasticism. 

d. Why men went into monasteries. 

* R., chap, v; * E., chap, xi; Masterman, Dawn of Mediaeval 
Europe, chap, vii; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, 
chap, xiv; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chap, xxxvii; R. R., 86-89; 
Hodgkin, Italy and Her Invaders, IV, chap, xvi; Emerton, Mediaeval 
Europe, pp. 555-581; Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, pp. 
129-136; A., pp. 131-136. 

§ 11. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 8, 9, 10, including one of the optional 
readings of § 10. 

§ 12. Mohammedism. 

a. Arabia and its people. 

b. Mohammed's life and character. 

c. The Koran. 

d. Mohammedan Conquests. 

*E., pp. 122-129; * R., 68-72, 188, 356; Gibbon, Decline 
and Fall, chap. 1; Carlyle, Heroes and Hero-Worship, Lecture 2; 
Washington Irving, Mahomet; Koran (selections from any edition) 
Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, pp. 224-239; Thatcher 
and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 336-350. 

§ 13. Beginning of the Kingdom of the Franks. 

a. Clovis. 

b. Charles Martel. 

c. Pippin the Short. 

d. Charlemagne. 

*E., 62-72, 115-122, 127-134; * R., 67-68, 72-82; A., pp. 
137-154. 



6 
§ 14. Empire of Charlemagne. 

a. Coronation of Charles. 

b. System of government. 

c. Education. 

d. Character of Charlemagne. 

* R., pp. 83-91; * E., 214-223 (remainder of chapter optional); 
A., pp. 154-169; Masterman, Dawn of Mediaeval Europe, chaps. 
18, 19, 20; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 126- 
139; Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chap, iv, v. 

§ 15. Recitation. 

Written recitations on § § 12, 13, 14, including one of the op- 
tional readings of § 12. 

§ 16. Break-up of Charlemagne's Empire. 

a. Weakness of the Empire. 

b. Divisions — Verdun. 

c. Otto I. 

*R., pp. 92-103, 148-153; A., pp., 170-182; Masterman, Dawn 
of Mediaeval Europe, chap, xxiii; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in 
the Middle Age, pp. 140-149; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, pp. 110- 
145; Henderson, Short History of Germany, chap, iii; Bryce, Holy 
Roman Empire, chaps, vi, ix; Freeman, Historical Essays, First 
Series, "The Holy Roman Empire." 

§ 17. Frst Struggle of Pope and Emperor. 

a. Early Emperors' control of Papacy. 

b. The False Decretals. 

c. Nicholas I. 

d. Cluny reform. 

e. Gregory VII. 
/. Investiture 

* R., pp. 153-172; A., pp. 227-247; Emerton, Mediaeval Empire, 
pp. 63-81, chap, viii; Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chap, x; Hen- 
ders^pa, Short History of Germany, chap, iii; Munro and Sellery 
Medieval Civilization, pp. 137-152; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe 
in the Middle Age, pp. 192-191, 257-276, chap, xii (review); Lees, 
The Central Period of the Middle Age, chaps, iv, vi. 

§ 18. The Hohenstaufen. 

a. Rise of the Hohenstaufen. 

b. Frederick Barbarossa. 



c. Beneficia. 

d. Lombard League. 

e. Peace of Constance. 

/. Henry VI and the Norman marriage. 

*R pp. 173-181; A., pp. 247-254; Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, 
chap, xi; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, pp. 282-312; Henderson, 
Short History of Germany, pp. 78-90; Freeman, Historical Essays, 
First Series, "Frederick I;" Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the 
Middle Age, pp. 2S1-30U. 

§ 19. Recitation. 

Written recitations on §§ 16, 17, 18, including one of the op- 
tional readings of § 17. 

§ 20. Innocent III and Frederic II. 

a. Policy of Innocent III. 

b. Ancestry and character of Frederick II. 

c. Guelf and Ghibelline. 

d. Fall of the Hohenstaufen. 

*R 181-186; *A., pp. 254-257; Lees, The Central Period 
of the Middle Age, chaps', xii, xv; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 
pp 314-327- Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 
300-314" Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chaps, xi, xiii; Henderson, 
Short History of Germany, pp. 92-101; Freeman, Historical Essays, 
First Series, "The Emperor Frederick II." 
§ 21. Feudalism. 

a. Origin. . 

b. Three elements of feudalism: the fief, vassalage, immunity. 

c. Chivalry and knighthood. 

d. Good and bad points of feudalism. 

*E chap, xv; R, pp. 98-119; A., chap, ix; Emerton, Me- 
diaeval Europe, chap, xiv; Encyclopedia Britanmca, "Castles, 
"Knighthood." 

§ 22. The Northmen. 

a. Race characteristics and home life. 

6. Early migrations. 

e. Later migrations. 

d. Brilliancy of Norman Civilization. ,„ ,.. .„. , fiS . 

*R, pp. 133-134, 138-139, 1X0, i. 1; *A.,pp. 173-174, 187-188, 



Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 145-146, 149-151, 
156-157, 202-205, 210-214, 451; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, pp. 
223-229; Green, Short History of England, chap, ii, §3. 

§ 23. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 20, 21, 22, including one of the optional 
readings of § 2C. 

§ 24. France and England in the Middle Age. 

a. Feudalism in France. 

b. Development of French monarchy, — work of Philip Augustus, 

St. Louis, Philip the Fair. 

c. Development of English monarchy, — William I, Henry II, 

Magna Charta. 

d. Comparison of development of France and England. 

*R., chaps, x, xi; * A., pp. 321-339; Munro and Sellery, Me- 
dieval Civilization, pp. 366-375; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, pp. 
400-433. 

§ 25. The Crusades. 

a. Character of the crusading movement. 

b. Outline of first four crusades. 

c. Results of the crusades. 

* R., chap, xv; A., chap, xi; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chap, 
liii, lviii (first part), lx (last part); Munro and Sellery, Medieval 
Civilization, pp. 212-224, 248-256; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 
chap, xi; Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 360- 
434; Cox, The Crusades, pp. 1-10, 29-38, 43-48, 74-77, 111-113, 129- 
140, 219-224; Lees, Central Period of the Middle Age, chap. 5, 10, 14. 

§ 26. The Mediaeval Church. 

a. Power and influence of the Papacy. 

b. The secular clergy. 

c. The seven sacraments. 

d. Causes of corruption among clergy and monks. 

e. Heresy and the Inquisition. 

* R. chap, xvi, xvii; A., pp. 416-420; Sch., chap, iii; Emer- 
ton, Mediaeval Europe, pp. 333-341, 582-592; Thatcher and Schwill, 
Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 328-333; Lees, Central Period of the 
Middle Age, pp. 228-234; Sabatier, St. Francis of Assisi (passim); 
Lea, History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, I, pp. 76-88, 256-268, 
chap, iv; Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, pp. 432-457. 



9 

§ 27. Recitation. 

Written recitation of § § 24, 25, 26, including one of the optional 
readings of § 25. 

§ 28. The Life of the Nobles of the Middle Ages. 

a. Literature. 

b. The fine arts. 

c. The universities. 

* R., chap, xix; Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, pp. 
348-357, 458-473; Harper's Magazine, vol. 79, pp. 766-776, 944-955; 
Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1891-1892, vol. 3, 
"German Universities;" Green, Short History of the English People, 
chap, iii, § 4; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, pp. 449-476; Thatcher 
and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 592-615. 

§ 29. The Life of the Country in the Middle Ages. 

a. The manor. 

b. Agriculture. 

c. Classes of country people. 

d. Life of the country people. 

*R., pp. 233-237; * A., pp. 306-310; Cheyney. Social and In- 
dustrial History of England, chap, ii, v; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 
pp. 510-520. 

§ 30. The Life of the Towns in the Middle Ages. 

a. Origin of the towns. 

b. Merchant guilds. 

c. Commerce. 

d. Hanseatic League. 

e. Effect of growth of towns and commerce. 

* R., pp. 237-249; A., chap, xii; Emerton, Mediaeval Europe, 
pp. 521-540; Cheyney, Social and Industrial History of England, 
chap, iii; Munro and Sellery, Medieval Civilization, pp. 35S-365. 

§ 31. Recitation. 

Written recitation on §§ 28, 29, 30, including one of the op- 
tional readings of § 28. 

§ 32. The Hundred Years' War. 

a. Causes. 

b. Battles. 

c. Joan of Arc. 

d. Results. 



10 

» 

* R., chap, xx; Lodge, The End of the Middle Age, chaps, vii, x; 
Thatcher and Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, pp. 527-538; Froissart, 
Chronicles, chaps. exxvii-exxxi; Kitchin, History of France, Vol. I, 
pp. 532-535; Lea, The Inquisition of the Middle Ages, Vol. Ill, pp. 
338-378. 

§ 33. The Popes and the Reforming Councils. 

a. Philip the Fair. 

b. Wycliffe. 

c. John Huss. 

d. "The Babylonish Captivity." 

e. "The Great Schism." 

/. Councils of Pira, Constance, and Basel. 

* R., chap, xxi; Kitchin, History of France, Vol. I., pp. 373-391; 
Green, Short History of the English People, chap, v, § 4; Lea, Inqui- 
sition of the Middle Ages, Vol. II, chap, vii; Henderson, Short History 
of Germany, pp. 209-220. 

$ 34. Beginning of the Renaissance. 

a. Causes. 

b. Literature. 

c. Fine Arts. 

d. Science. 

* R. chap, xxii.; A., chap, xv; Sch., chap, i; Thatcher and 
Schwill, Europe in the Middle Age, chap, xxiii; Dante, Divine Comedy, 
Inferno, Canto 1-4, Purgatory, 29-32, Paradise, 10-12; Cambridge 
Modern History, Vol. I, pp. 532-554; Oliphant, Makers of Florence, 
chap, vi; Fiske, Discovery of America, Vol. I, chap. iv. 

§ 35. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 31, 32, 33, 34, including one of the 
optional readings of § 34. 

§ 30. Italy at the Close of the Fifteenth Century. 

a. The old era contrasted with the new. 

b. Condition of Italy. 

c. The Humanists and the revival of learning at Florence. 

d. Savonarola. 

e. Character of the papacy. 

*S., pp. 1-27, 68-76; * R,, pp. 360-364; Sch., pp. 29-35; Hol- 
lings, Europe in Renaissance and Reformation, pp. 73-94; Lea, In- 
quisition of the Middle Ages, Vol. Ill, pp. 209-237; Symonds, Short 



11 

History of the Renaissance, chap, iv, v; Cambridge Modern History, 
Vol. I, chaps, v, xix; Alzog, Universal Church History, Vol. II, pp. 
902-914,928-931; Dunning,, Political Theories, Ancient and Mediaeval, 
pp., 285-325; Macaulay, Essays, Machiavelli; Fisher, The Reforma- 
tion, pp. 57-63. 

§ 37. Spain and France at the Close of the 
Fifteenth Century. 

a. Consolidation of Spain. 

b. Spanish marriages. 

c. Condition of French monarchy. 

*S., pp. 35-48; * R., pp. 354-360; Sch., pp. 35-40; Hollings, 
Europe in Renaissance and Reformation, chaps, ii, iii; Prescott, Fer- 
dinand and Isabella, Vol. I, chap, vii; Adams, Growth of the French 
Nation, pp. 148-159. 

§ 38. Germany at the Close of the Fifteenth 
Century. 

a. Political condition. 

b. Social and economic condition. 

c. Signs of Revolution. 

*S., pp. 27-35, 57-68; * R,, chap, xxiv; Sch., pp. 25-29; Hol- 
lings, Europe in Renaissance and Reformation, chap, i; Bryce, Holy 
Roman Empire, chap, xiv, or xviii; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. I, 
pp. 288-305, 682-692; Francke, History of German Literature as de- 
termined by Social Forces, pp. 100-110, 141-150. 

§ 39. England and the Oxford Reformers. 

a. Condition of England before the Tudors. 

b. Character of Henry VII. 

c. Early history of Henry VIII. 

*S., pp. 48-57, 76-97; Sch., pp. 40-43; Green, Short History 
of the English People, chap, vi, § 4; Articles, "More" and "Erasmus" 
in Dictionary of National Biography; Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 
63-72. 

§ 40. Recitation. 

Written recitations on § § 36, 37, 38, 39, including one of the op- 
tional readings of § 30. 

§ 41. Beginning of Reformation in Germany. 

o. Luther's early life and character. 

b. Luther's opposition to indulgences. 

c. Luther's opposition to the papacy. 

d. The Diet of Worms. 



12 

* S., pp. 97-13,"); R., chap, xxv; Sch., pp. 65-72; Cambridge 
Modern History, Vol. II, pp. 104-133; Hollings, Europe in Renais- 
sance and Reformation, pp. 118-122; Johnson, Europe in the Six- 
teenth Century, pp. 145-160; Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 72-97. 

§ 42. The Reformation in Germany from the 
Diet of Worms to the Confession of 
A ugsburg. 

a. Luther and the German Bible. 

b. German radicals. 

c. The Peasants' War. 

d. Protestant Organization. 

* S., pp. 135-153; * R., pp. 405-418; Sch., pp. 73-78; Johnson, 
Europe in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 176-180; Cambridge Modern 
History, Vol. II, pp. 222-227; Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 98-117. 

§ 43. Charles V, and the German Reformation. 

a. Ancestry and character of Charles V. 

b. Charles and Francis I. 

c. Charles and the Turks. 

d. Charles and the Protestant Princes of Germany. 

e. Last years of Charles. 

*R., pp. 415-420; * S., pp. 154-160, 166-171; * Sch., pp. 78- 

84; Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 136-147; Johnson, Europe in the 
Sixteenth Century, pp. 180-252. 

§ 44. Recitation. 

Written recitations on §§ 41, 42, 43, including one of the optional 
readings of § 40. 

§ 45. The Reformation in Switzerland. 

a. Early history of the Swiss Confederation. 

b. Character and views of Zwingli. 

c. Results of the Reformation in Switzerland. 

* R., pp. 421-425; * Sch., pp. 86-92; S., pp. 163-166; Fisher, 
The Reformation, pp. 119-136; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. II, 
pp._307-329. 

§ 46. The Reformation in England Before the 
Act of Supremacy. 

a. Early history and marriage of Henry VIII. 

b. Character of Wolsey. 



13 

e. Reasons for divorce case of Catherine of Aragon. 
d. The Act of Supremacy. 

*S.. pp., 171-185; *R., pp. 42G-430; * Sch., pp. 119-129; 
Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 270-274; Cambridge Modern History, 
Vol. II, pp. 416-442. 

§ 47. The Reformation in England and the 
Scandinavian Countries. 

a. Effect of Act of Supremacy. 

b. Peculiar character of English Church. 

c. Death of Sir Thomas More. 

d. Dissolution of Monasteries. 

e. Revolt of Denmark and Sweden from Rome. 

*S., pp. 185-200; * Sch., pp. 129-133; * R., pp. 430-434; Fisher 
The Reformation, pp. 274-277; Cambridge Modern, History, Vol.11, 
pp. 442-453, 462-473. 

§ 48. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 45, 46, 47. 

§ 49. John Calvin. 

a. Calvin's early life. 

b. The Institutes of the Christian Religion. 

c. Calvin and Geneva. 

d. Calvin's influence. 

*S., pp. 201-205; * Sch., pp. 91-97; Fisher, The Reformation, 
chap, vii; Johnson, Europe in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 271-276; 
Cambridge Modern History, Vol. II, chap. xi. 

§ 50. The Reformation in France. 

a. Attitude of Margaret of Navarre, Francis I, and Henry II. 

b. Political parties and the Reformation. 

c. Religious Wars, to the Edict of Nantes. 

d. Peculiarities of French Reformation movement. 

*R., pp. 451-458; * Sch., pp. 178-197; Hollings, Europe in 
Renaissance I and Reformation, chap, x; Johnson, Europe in the Six- 
teenth Century, chap, xix; Fisher, The Reformation, chap, viii; Cam- 
bridge Modern History, Vol. II, chap, xix, Vol. Ill, pp. 657-663, 675- 
677; Walker, Reformation, pp. 225-232, 408-416, 423-432; Adams, 
Growth of the French Nation, pp. 164-179. 



14 
§ 51. The Counter Reformation. 

a. Catholic movements for reform. 

b. Early and later history of the Jesuits. 

c. Council of Trent. 

d. The Inquisition and the Index. 

*S., pp. 205-214; * R., pp. 437-444; * Sch. pp. 97-106; Rol- 
lings, Europe in Renaissance and Reformation, chap, viii; Johnson, 
Europe in the Sixteenth Century, pp. 261-271; Fisher, The Reformation, 
pp. 327-344; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. II, pp. 652-659; Alzog, 
Manual of Church History, Vol. Ill, pp. 340-360, 373-385; Walker, 
Reformation, pp. 375-392. 

§ 52. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 49, 50, 51, including one of the optional 
readings of § 51. 

§ 53. Philip II and the Netherlands. 

a. Character of Philip II. 

b. Extent and government of the Netherlands. 

c. Causes and early stages of the revolt of the Netherlands. 

d. William the Silent and the later history of the Revolt. 

*R., pp. 444-451; * Sen., pp. 107-118 (optional), 157-177 (re- 
quired); Hollings, Europe in Renaissance and Reformation, chap, ix; 
Johnson, Europe in the Sixteenth Century, chap, vii, or viii; Fisher, 
The Reformation, chap, ix; Walker, The Reformation, pp. 416-430; 
Cambridge Modern History, Vol. Ill, chap, vi, vii, xv, or xix; Motley, 
Rise of the Dutch Republic, Part II, chap, ii or iii, or Part VI, chap, vi; 
Creighton, Age of Elizabeth, pp. 90-101, 115-118, 122-124, 149-158. 

§ 54. The Age of Elizabeth. 

a. Development of Protestantism under Edward VI. 

b. Reaction under Mary. 

c. Character of Elizabeth. 

d. Elizabeth's foreign policy. 

*R., pp. 434-436, 458-464; * Sch., pp. 133-156; Green, Short 
History of the English People., chap, vii, § § 3, 5, 6; Cambridge Modern 
History, Vol. Ill, pp. 302-316, 328-363; Creighton, Age of Elizabeth, 
pp. 128-148, 227-237. 

§ 55. The Stuarts in England. 

a. James I and the divine right of kings. 

b. Charles I and personal government. 



15 

c. Oliver Cromwell, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate. 

d. The Restoration and English morals. 

e. "The glorious Revolution." 

* R., pp. 475-494; Sch. chap, xi; Carlyle, Oliver Cromwell's 
letters and Speeches; Letters, 27, 140; Speech V; Carlyle, Heroes and 
Hero-Worship; Lecture VI; Cambridge Modem History, Vol. Ill, chap, 
xvii, or Vol. IV, chap, viii, xv, or xvii. 

§ 56. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 53, 54, 55, including one of the optional 
readings of § 54, preferably Green's "Character of Elizabeth." 

§ 57. The Thirty Years' War. 

a. Causes. 

b. Five periods. 

c. Gustavus Adolphus and Wallenstein. 

d. Peace of Westphalia. 

* Sch., pp. 203-227; R., chap, xxix; Hollings, Europe in Renais- 
sance and Reformation, chap, xii; Wakeman, The Ascendancy of 
France, chaps, iv, v; Henderson, Short History of Germany, Vol. I, 
chap, xvii; Cambridge Modem History, Vol. IV, chap, vii; Shiller, 
Wallenstein; Bryce, Holy Roman Empire, chap, xx; Walker, Re- 
formation, pp. 439-461 ; Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 358-3G5. 

§ 58. The Ascendancy of France. 

a. Henry IV and the Huguenots. 

b. Richelieu's domestic policy. 

c. Richelieu's foreign policy. 

*Sch., pp. 197-202; * R. pp., 471-472; Hollings, Europe in 
Renaissance and Reformation, pp. 216-231; Wakeman, The Ascen- 
dancy of France, chaps, ii, vi, vii; Fisher, The Reformation, pp. 377- 
378; Cambridge Modem History Vol. Ill, pp. 657-660, 675-677, Vol. 
IV, pp. 128-137, 152-157; Kitchin, History of France, Vol. II, pp. 
450-465, Vol. Ill, pp. 14-30; Adams, Growth of the French Nation, pp. 
177-201. 

§ 59. The Age of Louis XIV. 

a. Character of Louis XIV. 

b. Colbert on economic theories. 

c. Early wars. 

d. War of the Spanish succession. 

e. Condition of France at close of Louis XIV's reign. 



16 

* R., pp. 495-508; Sch., chap, xii; Johnson, Age, of the En- 
lightened Despots, chaps, i, ii, iii; Wakeman, The Ascendancy of 
France, chaps, ix, x, xi, xv; Cambridge Modem History, Vol. IV, 
chaps, xxv, Vol. V, pp. 5-26, 437-459; Mahan, Influence of Sea Power 
Upon History, 1668-1783 pp. 50-74, 96-101; Kitchin, History of 
France, Vol. Ill, pp. 182-211, 220-236, 337-342; Green, Short History 
of the English People, chap, xi, § 8; Seely, Expansion of England, 
Lecture 2; Adams, Growth of the French Nation, chap. xiii. 

§ 60. Recitation. 

AVritten recitals on § § 56, 57, 58, 59. 

§ 61. Rise of Russia. 

a. Early History. 

b. Peter the Great. 

c. Catherine the Great. 

*R., pp. 509-515; * Sch.. pp. 289-299; Johnson, The Age of 
the Enlightened Despots, pp. 88-105; Wakeman, The Ascendancy of 
France, pp. 297-310; Rambaud, Popular History of Russia, Vol. 
II, chap, iii; Cambridge Modern History Vol. V. chap, xvii, or Vol. 
VI, chap. xix. 

§ 62. Turkey and Poland. 

a. Origin and character of Ottoman Turks. 

b. Causes of Turkish Decline. 

c. Early history of Poland. 

d. The liberum veto and political anarchy. 

e. The Partitions of Poland. 

*Sch., pp. 295-296, 299-301; Johnson, Age of the Enlightened 
Despots, pp. 106-117, 207-213; Wakeman, The Ascendancy of France, 
pp. 265-288; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. I, chap, iii, Vol. Ill, 
chap, iv, VoL VIII, chap, xvii; Henderson, Short History of Germany, 
Vol. II, pp. 204-212, 236-239; Lecky, England in the Eighteenth Cen- 
tury, Vol. \, pp. 539-547, 596-599; Hassall, The Balance of Power, 
chap. xi. 

§ 63. Rise of Prussia. 

a. Early history of the Hohenzollerns. 

b. The Great Elector and his character and policies. 

c. Family of Frederick the Great. 

* R., pp. 515-516; * Sch., pp. 302-312; Johnson, Age of the En- 
lightened Despots, pp. 81-86; Wakeman, The Ascendancy of France, 



17 

pp. 172-183, 291-296; Longman, Frederick the Great, pp. 3-31; Hen- 
derson, Short History of Germany, Vol. II, pp. 12-29; Cambridge 
Modem History, Vol. V, pp. 639-649; Macaulay, Frederick the Great 
(first part); Carlyle, Frederick the Great, Book IV, chaps, iii, iv. 

§ 64. Frederick the Great. 

a. War of the Austrian Succession. 

b. The Seven Years' War. 

c. Frederick's domestic policy. 

* R., pp. 518-522; * Sch., pp. 312-322; Johnson. Age of the 
Enlightened Despots, chaps, vii, viii; Hassall, The Balance of Power; 
chaps, vi, vii, viii, or ix; Longman, Frederick the Great (passim), 
Henderson, Short History of Germany, Vol. II, pp. 125-146, 182-204. 
Macaulay, Frederick the Great; Carlyle, Frederick the Great, Book XXI. 
chap. ii. 

§ 65. Recitation. 

Written recitations on §§ 61, 62, 63, 64, including one of the 
optional readings of § 64. 

§ 66. The Expansion of England. 

a. Union of England and Scotland. 

b. The English in India. 

c. England and France in America. 

d. Beginnings of the Irish Problem. 

*R,, chap. 33; * Sch., pp. 324-326, 339-340; Robinson and 
Beard, Development of Modern Europe, Vol. I, pp. 80-100; Macaulay, 
Essay on Clive, Essay on Hastings; Longman, Frederick the Great 
chaps, vi, xiii; Seely, Expansion of England, Lecture 3. 4; Lecky, 
England in the Eighteenth Century, Vol. Ill, pp. 513-533; Dictionary 
of National Biography, "Robert Clive," "Warren Hastings;" Green, 
Short History of the English People, chap, x, § § 1, 2. 

§ 67. The Eve of the French Revolution. 

a. Three great movements since the Middle Ages. 

b. The three estates. 

c. Position of the king. 

d. Immediate causes of the revolution. 

*R., pp. 537-553; * Sch. pp. 344-352; Hassall, The Balance 
of Power, pp. 405-409; Lecky, England in the Fighter nth Century, 
chap, xx; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. VIII, chaps, i, ii, or iii. 



is 

§ 68. The Beginning of the French Revolution. 

a. Reforms proposed. 

b. The Estates General. 

c. The National Assembly. 

d. Fall of the Bastile. 

e. The Rights of Man. 

*R., pp. 553-573; *Sch., pp. 352-364; Cambridge Modern 
History, Vol. VIII, pp. 145-159; Carlyle, French Revolution, Book V, 
chaps, v, vi; Book VII, chaps, iv-viii. 

§ 69. Recitation. 

Written recitation on § § 66, 67, 68, including one of the readings 
of § 66. 

§ 70. The French Revolution to the Execution of 
Louis XVI. 

a. The permanent reform of the National Assembly. 

b. The Emigres. 

c. The insurrection of August 10, 1792. 

d. The trial of the king. 

* R,, 574-583; * Seh., pp. 364-372; Carlyle, French Revolution, 
Book XI, chaps, iii-viii; Book XV, chaps, vi-viii; Cambridge Modern 
History, Vol. VIII, pp. 225-240. 

§ 71. The First French Republic. 

a. The Convention. 

b. The foreign wars. 

c. The factions and the Reign of Terror. 

d. Constitution of the year III. 

*R., pp. 583-591; * Sch., pp. 372-383; Carlyle, French Rev- 
olution, Book XVIII, chaps, ii, iii; Morris, French Revolution, pp. 105- 
125; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. VIII, pp. 362-371. 

§ 72. Napoleon to 1801. 

a. Early history and character of Napoleon. 

b. First campaign in Italy. 

c. Campaign in Egypt. 

d. The 18th of Brumaire. 

e. Second campaign in Italy and its results. 



19 

* R., chap. 37; * Sch., pp. 383-389; Cambridge Modem History, 
Vol. VIII, chap, xix; Fyffe, History of Modern Europe (popular 
edition), pp. 133-144; Morris, French Revolution, chap. ix. 

§ 73. Recitation. 

Written recitation on §§ 70, 71, 72. 

§ 74. Napoleon from 1801 to 1815. 

a. Napoleon's work as a statesman. 

b. Wars against Europe. 

c. Continental System. 

d. Russian campaign. 

e. Events leading up to Waterloo. 
/. Causes of Napoleon's downfall. 

* R., chap, xxxviii; Sch., pp. 389-413; Cambridge Modern 
History, Vol. IX, pp. 148-164, or 361-380; Fyffe, History of Modern 
Europe, popular edition, pp. 398-407; Morris, French Revolution, 
pp. 217-227, 261-274. 

§ 75. The Congress of Vienna. 

a. Territorial problems. 

b. Talleyrand and Metternich. 

c. The spirit of reaction. 

* R., pp. 625-629; * Sch. 414-419; Fyffe, History of Modern 
Europe (popular edition), pp. 419-429; Andrews, Historical Devel- 
opment of Modern Europe, Vol. I, pp. 86-102. 

§ 76. Reactionary Government. 

a. The Holy Alliance. 

b. Intervention. 

c. Great revolt. 

d. The Bourbon restoration. 

* Sch., pp. 419-430. 

§ 77. Recitation. 
Written recitation on §§ 74, 75, 76. 



20 
§ 78. The Development of Modern France. 

a. The July Monarchy. 

b. The February Revolution. 

c. The Second Empire. 

d. The Third Republic. 

* Sch., pp. 430-431, 438-444, 458-460, 504-508. 

§ 79. The Regeneration of Italy. 

a. Austrian rule. 

b. Secret Societies. 

c. Garibaldi's career, and Victor Emmanuel. 

* Sch., pp. 449-452, 462-467, 502-504. 

§ 80. The Unification of Germany. 

o. Prussia and Austria. 

b. Germany in 1848. 

c. Bismarck and the policy of "blood and iron." 

d. The new Roman Empire. 

*Sch., pp. 417-418, 445-449, 454-457, 468-479, 508-512. 

§ 81. Recitation. 
Written recitation on §§ 78, 79, 80. 

§ 82. Great Britain in the Nineteenth Century. 

a. Constitutional government. 

b. The Reform Bill and the Corn Laws. 

c. The British Empire. 

d. The Victorian Age 

* Sch., chap, xxiii. 

§ 83. The Eastern Question. 

a. Three stages of Russian Expansion. 

b. Results of the Crimean War. 

c. Turkish atrocities. 

d. Recent phases. 

* Sch. pp. 492-501. 



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